|
|
|
| |
|
中华人民共和国劳动法
Labour Law of the People’s Republic of China
（１９９４年７月５日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议通过）
(Adopted at the Eighth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on July 5, 1994, promulgated by Order No.28 of the President of the People’s Republic of China and effective as of January 1, 1995)
目录
Contents
第一章 总 则
Chapter 1 General Provisions
第二章 促进就业
Chapter II Promotion of Employment
第三章 劳动合同和集体合同
Chapter III Labour Contracts and Collective Contracts
第四章 工作时间和休息休假
Chapter IV Working Hours, Rest and Vacations
第五章 工 资
Chapter V Wages
第六章 劳动安全卫生
Chapter VI Occupational Safety and Health
第七章 女职工和未成年工特殊保护
Chapter VII Special Protection for Female and Juvenile Workers
第八章 职业培训
Chapter VIII Vocational Training
第九章 社会保险和福利
Chapter IX Social Insurance and Welfare
第十章 劳动争议
Chapter X Labour Disputes
第十一章 监督检查
Chapter XI Supervision and Inspection
第十二章 法律责任
Chapter XII Legal Responsibility
第十三章 附 则
Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions
第一章 总 则
Chapter 1 General Provisions
第一条 为了保护劳动者的合法权益，调整劳动关系，建立和维护适应社会主义市场经济的劳动制度，促进经济发展和社会进步，根据宪法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, readjust labour relationships, establish and safeguard a labour system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress.
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内的企业、个体经济组织（以下统称用人单位）和与之形成劳动关系的劳动者，适用本法。
Article 2 This Law applies to all enterprises and individual economic organizations(hereinafter referred to as employing units) within the boundary of the People’s Republic of China
国家机关、事业组织、社会团体和与之建立劳动合同关系的劳动者，依照本法执行。
and labourers who form a labour relationship therewith State organs, institutional organizations and societies as well as labourers who form a labour contract relationship therewith shall follow this Law.
第三条 劳动者享有平等就业和选择职业的权利、取得劳动报酬的权利、休息休假的权利、获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利、接受职业技能培训的权利、享受社会保险和福利的权利、提请劳动争议处理的权利以及法律规定的其他劳动权利。
Article 3 Labourers shall have the right to be employed on an equal basis, choose occupations, obtain remuneration for their labour, take rest, have holidays and leaves, obtain protection of occupational safety and health, receive training vocational skills, enjoy social insurance and welfare, and submit applications for settlement of labour disputes, and other rights relating to labour as stipulated by law.
劳动者应当完成劳动任务，提高职业技能，执行劳动安全卫生规程，遵守劳动纪律和职业道德。
Labourers shall fulfill their labour tasks, improve their vocational skills, follow rules on occupational safety and health, and observe labour discipline and professional ethics.
第四条 用人单位应当依法建立和完善规章制度，保障劳动者享有劳动权利和履行劳动义务。
Article 4 The employing units shall establish and perfect rules and regulations in accordance with the law so as to ensure that labourers enjoy the right to work and fulfill labour obligations.
第五条 国家采取各种措施，促进劳动就业，发展职业教育，制定劳动标准，调节社会收入，完善社会保险，协调劳动关系，逐步提高劳动者的生活水平。
Article 5 The State shall take various measures to promote employment, develop vocational education, lay down labour standards, regulate social incomes, perfect social insurance system, coordinate labour relationship, and gradually raise the living standard of labourers.
第六条 国家提倡劳动者参加社会义务劳动，开展劳动竞赛和合理化建议活动，鼓励和保护劳动者进行科学研究、技术革新和发明创造，表彰和奖励劳动模范和先进工作者。
Article 6 The State shall advocate the participation of labourers in social voluntary labour and the development of their labour competitions and activities of forwarding rational proposals, encourage and protect the scientific research and technical renovation engaged by labourers, as well as their inventions and creations; and commend and award labour models and advanced workers.
第七条 劳动者有权依法参加和组织工会。
Article 7 Labourers shall have the right to participate in and organize trade unions in accordance with the law.
工会代表和维护劳动者的合法权益，依法独立自主地开展活动。
Trade unions shall represent and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, and independently conduct their activities in accordance with the law.
第八条 劳动者依照法律规定，通过职工大会、职工代表大会或者其他形式，参与民主管理或者就保护劳动者合法权益与用人单位进行平等协商。
Article 8 Labourers shall, through the assembly of staff and workers or their congress, or other forms in accordance with the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, take part in democratic management or consult with the employing units on an equal footing about protection of the legitimate rights and interests of labourers.
第九条 国务院劳动行政部门主管全国劳动工作。
Article 9 The labour administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the management of labour of the whole country.
县级以上地方人民政府劳动行政部门主管本行政区域内的劳动工作。
The labour administrative departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the management of labour in the administrative areas under their respective jurisdiction.
第二章 促进就业
Chapter II Promotion of Employment
第十条 国家通过促进经济和社会发展，创造就业条件，扩大就业机会。
Article 10 The State shall create conditions for employment and increase opportunities for employment by means of the promotion of economic and social development.
国家鼓励企业、事业组织、社会团体在法律、行政法规规定的范围内兴办产业或者拓展经营，增加就业。
The State shall encourage enterprises, institutional organizations, and societies to initiate industries or expand businesses for the increase of employment within the scope of the stipulations of laws, and administrative rules and regulations.
国家支持劳动者自愿组织起来就业和从事个体经营实现就业。
The State shall support labourers to get jobs by organizing themselves on a voluntary basis or by engaging in individual businesses.
第十一条 地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，发展多种类型的职业介绍机构，提供就业服务。
Article 11 Local people’s governments at various levels shall take measures to develop various kinds of job—introduction agencies and provide employment services.
第十二条 劳动者就业，不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰不同而受歧视。
Article 12 Labourers shall not be discriminated against in employment, regardless of their ethnic community, race, sex, or religious belief.
第十三条 妇女享有与男子平等的就业权利。
Article 13 Females shall enjoy equal rights as males in employment.在录用职工时，除国家规定的不适合妇女的工种或者岗位外，不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女或者提高对妇女的录用标准。
It shall not be allowed, in the recruitment of staff and workers, to use sex as a pretext for excluding females form employment or to raise recruitment standards for the females, except for the types of work or posts that are not suitable for females as stipulated by the State.
第十四条 残疾人、少数民族人员、退出现役的军人的就业，法律、法规有特别规定的，从其规定。
Article 14 Where there are special stipulations in laws, rules and regulations on the employment of the disabled, the personnel of national minorities, and demobilized armymen, such special stipulations shall apply.
第十五条 禁止用人单位招用未满十六周岁的未成年人。
Article 15 No employing units shall be allowed to recruit juveniles under the age of 16.
文艺、体育和特种工艺单位招用未满十六周岁的未成年人，必须依照国家有关规定，履行审批手续，并保障其接受义务教育的权利。
Units of literature and art, physical culture and sport, and special arts and crafts that need to recruit juveniles under the age of 16 must go through the formalities of examination and approval according to the relevant provisions of the State and guaratee their right to compulsory education.
第三章 劳动合同和集体合同
Chapter III Labour Contracts and Collective Contracts
第十六条 劳动合同是劳动者与用人单位确立劳动关系、明确双方权利和义务的协议。
Article 16 A labour contract is the agreement reached between a labourer and an employing unit for the establishment of the labour relationship and the definition of the rights, interests and obligations of each party.
建立劳动关系应当订立劳动合同。
A labour contract shall be concluded where a labour relationship is to be established.
第十七条 订立和变更劳动合同，应当遵循平等自愿、协商一致的原则，不得违反法律、行政法规的规定。
article 17 Conclusion and modification of a labour contract shall follow the principles of equality, voluntariness and unanimity through consultation, and shall not run counter to the stipulations of laws, administrative rules and regulations.
劳动合同依法订立即具有法律约束力，当事人必须履行劳动合同规定的义务。
A labour contract once concluded in accordance with the law shall possess legal binding force. The parties involved must fulfill the obligations as stipulated in the labour contract.
第十八条 下列劳动合同无效：
Article 18 The following labour contracts shall be invalid:
（一）违反法律、行政法规的劳动合同；
labour contracts concluded in violation of laws, administrative rules and regulations;
（二）采取欺诈、威胁等手段订立的劳动合同。
and labour contracts concluded by resorting to such measures as cheating and intimidation.
无效的劳动合同，从订立的时候起，就没有法律约束力。
An invalid labour contract shall have no legal binding force from the very beginning of its conclusion.确认劳动合同部分无效的，如果不影响其余部分的效力，其余部分仍然有效。
Where a part of a labour contract is confirmed as invalid and where the validity of the remaining part is not affected, the remaining part shall remain valid.
劳动合同的无效，由劳动争议仲裁委员会或者人民法院确认。
The invalidity of a labour contract shall confirmed by a labour dispute arbitration committee or a people’s court.
第十九条 劳动合同应当以书面形式订立，并具备以下条款：
Article 19 A labour contract shall be concluded in written form and contain the following Clauses:
（一）劳动合同期限；
term of a labour contract;
（二）工作内容；
contents of work;
（三）劳动保护和劳动条件；
labour protection and working conditions
（四）劳动报酬；
labour remuneration;
（五）劳动纪律；
labour discipline;
（六）劳动合同终止的条件；
conditions for the termination of a labour contract;
（七）违反劳动合同的责任。
and responsibility for the violation of a labour contract.
劳动合同除前款规定的必备条款外，当事人可以协商约定其他内容。
Apart from the required clauses specified in the preceding paragraph, other contents in a labour contract may be agreed upon through consultation by the parties involved.
第二十条 劳动合同的期限分为有固定期限、无固定期限和以完成一定的工作为期限。
Article 20 The term of a labour contract shall be divided into fixed term, flexible term or taking the completion of a specific amount of work as a term.
劳动者在同一用人单位连续工作满十年以上，当事人双方同意续延劳动合同的，如果劳动者提出订立无固定期限的劳动合同，应当订立无固定期限的劳动合同。
In case a labourer has kept working in a same employing unit for ten years or more and the parties involved agree to extend the term of the labour contract, a labour contract with a flexible term shall be concluded between them if the labourer so requested.
第二十一条 劳动合同可以约定试用期。试用期最长不得超过六个月。
Article 21 A probation period may be agreed upon in a labour contract. The longest probation period shall not exceed six months.
第二十二条 劳动合同当事人可以在劳动合同中约定保守用人单位商业秘密的有关事项。
Article 22 The parties involved in a labour contract may reach an agreement in their labour contract on matters concerning keeping he commercial secrets of the employing unit.
第二十三条 劳动合同期满或者当事人约定的劳动合同终止条件出现，劳动合同即行终止。
Article 23 A labour contract shall terminate upon the expiration of its term or the emergence of the conditions for the termination of the labour contract as agreed upon by the parties involved.
第二十四条 经劳动合同当事人协商一致，劳动合同可以解除。
Article 24 A labour contract may be revoked upon agreement reached between the parties involved through consultation.
第二十五条 劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同：
Article 25 The employing unit may revoke the labour contract with a labourer in any of the following circumstances:
（一）在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的；
to be proved not up to the requirements for recruitment during the probation period;
（二）严重违反劳动纪律或者用人单位规章制度的；
to seriously violate labour disciplines or the rules and regulations of the employing units;
（三）严重失职，营私舞弊，对用人单位利益造成重大损害的；
to cause great losses to the employing unit due to serious dereliction of duty or engagement in malpractice for selfish ends;
（四）被依法追究刑事责任的。
and to be investigated for criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law.
第二十六条 有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同，但是应当提前三十日以书面形式通知劳动者本人：
Article 26 In any of the following circumstances, the employing unit may revoke a labour contract but a written notification shall be given to the labourer 30 days in advance:
（一）劳动者患病或者非因工负伤，医疗期满后，不能从事原工作也不能从事由用人单位另行安排的工作的；
where a labourer is unable to take up his original work or any new work arranged by the employing unit after the completion of his medical treatment for illness or injury not suffered at work;
（二）劳动者不能胜任工作，经过培训或者调整工作岗位，仍不能胜任工作的；
where a labourer is unqualified for his work and remains unqualified even after receiving a training or an adjustment to an other work post;
（三）劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使原劳动合同无法履行，经当事人协商不能就变更劳动合同达成协议的。
and no agreement on modification of the labour contract can be reached through consultation by the parties involved when the objective conditions taken as the basis for the conclusion of the contract have greatly changed so that the original labour contract can no longer be carried out.
第二十七条 用人单位濒临破产进行法定整顿期间或者生产经营状况发生严重困难，确需裁减人员的，应当提前三十日向工会或者全体职工说明情况，听取工会或者职工的意见，经向劳动行政部门报告后，可以裁减人员。
Article 27 During the period of statutory consolidation when the employing unit comes to the brink of bankruptcy or runs deep into difficulties in production and management, and if reduction of its personnel becomes really necessary, the unit may make such reduction after it has explained the situation to the trade union or all of its staff and workers 30 days in advance, solicited opinions from them and reported to the labour administrative department.
用人单位依据本条规定裁减人员，在六个月内录用人员的，应当优先录用被裁减的人员。
Where the employing unit is to recruit personnel six months after the personnel reduction effected according to the stipulations of this Article, the reduced personnel shall have the priority to be re-employed.
第二十八条 用人单位依据本法第二十四条、第二十六条、第二十七条的规定解除劳动合同的，应当依照国家有关规定给予经济补偿。
Article 28 The employing unit shall make economic compensations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State if it revokes its labour contracts according to the stipulations in Article 24, Article 26, and Article 27 of this Law.
第二十九条 劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位不得依据本法第二十六条、第二十七条的规定解除劳动合同：
Article 29 The employing unit shall not revoke its labour contract with a labourer in accordance with the stipulations in Article 26 and Article 27 of this Law in any of the following circumstances: to be confirmed to have totally or partially lost the ability to work due to occupational diseases or injuries suffered at work;
（一）患职业病或者因工负伤并被确认丧失或者部分丧失劳动能力的；
to be receiving medical treatment for diseases or injuries within the prescribed period of time;
（二）患病或者负伤，在规定的医疗期内的；
to be a female staff member or worker during pregnant, puerperal, or
（三）女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期内的；
breast-feeding period; or
（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。
other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
第三十条 用人单位解除劳动合同，工会认为不适当的，有权提出意见。如果用人单位违反法律、法规或者劳动合同，工会有权要求重新处理；劳动者申请仲裁或者提起诉讼的，工会应当依法给予支持和帮助。
Article 30 The trade union of an employing unit shall have the right to air its opinions if it regards as inappropriate the revocation of a labour contract by the unit. If the employing unit violates laws, rules and regulations or labour contracts, the trade union shall have the right to request for reconsideration. Where the labourer applies for arbitration or brings in a lawsuit, the trade union shall render him support and assistance in accordance with the law.
第三十一条 劳动者解除劳动合同，应当提前三十日以书面形式通知用人单位。
Article 31 A labourer who intends to revoke his labour contract shall give a written notice to the employing unit 30 days in advance.
第三十二条 有下列情形之一的，劳动者可以随时通知用人单位解除劳动合同： （一）在试用期内的；
Article 32 A labourer may notify at any time the employing unit of his decision to revoke the labour contract in any of the following circumstances: within the probation period;
（二）用人单位以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动的；
where the employing unit forces the labourer to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or
（三）用人单位未按照劳动合同约定支付劳动报酬或者提供劳动条件的。
failure on the part of the employing unit to pay labour remuneration or to provide working conditions as agreed upon in the labour contract.
第三十三条 企业职工一方与企业可以就劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、保险福利等事项，签订集体合同。集体合同草案应当提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过。
Article 33 The staff and workers of an enterprise as one party may conclude a collective contract with the enterprise on matters relating to labour remuneration, working hours, rest and vacations, occupational safety and health, and insurance and welfare. The draft collective contract shall be submitted to the congress of the staff and workers or to all the staff and workers for
集体合同由工会代表职工与企业签订；没有建立工会的企业，由职工推举的代表与企业签订。
discussion and adoption. A collective contract shall be concluded by the trade union on behalf of the staff and workers with the enterprise; in an enterprise where the trade union has not yet been set up, such contract shall be also concluded by the representatives elected by the staff and workers with the enterprise.
第三十四条 集体合同签订后应当报送劳动行政部门；劳动行政部门自收到集体合同文本之日起十五日内未提出异议的，集体合同即行生效。
Article 34 A collective contract shall be submitted to the labour administrative department after its conclusion. The collective contract shall go into effect automatically if no objections are raised by the labour administrative department within 15 days from the date of the receipt of a copy of the contract.
第三十五条 依法签订的集体合同对企业和企业全体职工具有约束力。职工个人与企业订立的劳动合同中劳动条件和劳动报酬等标准不得低于集体合同的规定。
Article 35 Collective contracts concluded in accordance with the law shall have binding force to both the enterprise and all of its staff and workers. The standards on working conditions and labour payments agreed upon in labour contracts concluded between individual labourers and the enterprises shall not be lower than those as stipulated in collective contracts.
第四章 工作时间和休息休假
Chapter IV Working Hours, Rest and Vacations
第三十六条 国家实行劳动者每日工作时间不超过八小时、平均每周工作时间不超过四十四小时的工时制度。
Article 36 The State shall practise a working hour system under which labourers shall work for no more than eight hours a day and no more than 44 hours a week on the average.
第三十七条 对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。
Article 37 In case of labourers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in Article 36 of this Law.
第三十八条 用人单位应当保证劳动者每周至少休息一日。
Article 38 The employing unit shall guarantee that its staff and workers have at least one day off in a week.
第三十九条 企业因生产特点不能实行本法第三十六条、第三十八条规定的，经劳动行政部门批准，可以实行其他工作和休息办法。
Article 39 Where an enterprise can not follow the stipulations in Article 36 and Article 38 of this Law due to its special production nature, it may adopt other rules on working hours and rest with the approval of the labour administrative department.
第四十条 用人单位在下列节日期间应当依法安排劳动者休假：（一）元旦；
Article 40 The employing unit shall arrange holidays for labourers in accordance with the law during the following festivals: the New Year’s Day;
（二）春节；
the Spring Festival;
（三）国际劳动节；
the International Labour Day;
（四）国庆节；
the National Day;
（五）法律、法规规定的其他休假节日。
and other holidays stipulated by laws, rules and regulations.
第四十一条 用人单位由于生产经营需要，经与工会和劳动者协商后可以延长工作时间，一般每日不得超过一小时；因特殊原因需要延长工作时间的，在保障劳动者身体健康的条件下延长工作时间每日不得超过三小时，但是每月不得超过三十六小时。
Article 41 The employing unit may extend working hours due to the requirements of its production or business after consultation with the trade union and labourers, but the extended working hour for a day shall generally not exceed one hour; if such extension is called for due to special reasons, the extended hours shall not exceed three hours a day under the condition that the health of labourers is guaranteed. However, the total extension in a month shall not exceed thirty six hours.
第四十二条 有下列情形之一的，延长工作时间不受本法第四十一条规定的限制：
Article 42 The extension of working hours shall not be subject to restriction of the provisions of Article 41 of this Law under any of the following circumstances: where emergent dealing is needed in the event of natural disaster, accident or other reason that threatens the life, health and the safety of property of labourers;
（一）发生自然灾害、事故或者因其他原因，威胁劳动者生命健康和财产安全，需要紧急处理的；
where prompt rush repair is needed in the event of breakdown of production equipment,
（二）生产设备、交通运输线路、公共设施发生故障，影响生产和公众利益，必须及时抢修的；
transportation lines or public facilities that affects production and public interests;
（三）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。
and other circumstances as stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
第四十三条 用人单位不得违反本法规定延长劳动者的工作时间。
Article 43 The employing unit shall not extend working hours of labourers in violation of the provisions of this Law.
第四十四条 有下列情形之一的，用人单位应当按照下列标准支付高于劳动者正常工作时间工资的工资报酬：
Article 44 The employing unit shall, according to the following standards, pay labourers remunerations higher than those for normal working hours under any of the following circumstances:
（一）安排劳动者延长工作时间的，支付不低于工资的百分之一百五十的工资报酬；
to pay no less than 150 percent of the normal wages if the extension of working hours is arranged;
（二）休息日安排劳动者工作又不能安排补休的，支付不低于工资的百分之二百的工资报酬；
to pay no less than 200 percent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on days of rest and no deferred rest can be taken;
（三）法定休假日安排劳动者工作的，支付不低于工资的百分之三百的工资报酬。
and to pay no less than 300 percent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on statutory holidays.
第四十五条 国家实行带薪年休假制度。劳动者连续工作一年以上的，享受带薪年休假。具体办法由国务院规定。
Article 45 The State shall practise a system of annual vacation with pay. Labourers who have kept working for one year and more shall be entitled to annual vacation with pay. The concrete measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
第五章 工资
Chapter V Wages
第四十六条 工资分配应当遵循按劳分配原则，实行同工同酬。
Article 46 The distribution of wages shall follow the principle of distribution according to work and equal pay for equal work.
工资水平在经济发展的基础上逐步提高。国家对工资总量实行宏观调控。
The level of wages shall be gradually raised on the basis of economic development. The State shall exercise macro-regulations and control over the total payroll.
第四十七条 用人单位根据本单位的生产经营特点和经济效益，依法自主确定本单位的工资分配方式和工资水平。
Article 47 The employing unit shall independently determine its form of wage distribution and wage level for its own unit according to law and based on the characteristics of its production and business and economic results.
第四十八条 国家实行最低工资保障制度。最低工资的具体标准由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定，报国务院备案。
Article 48 The State shall implement a system of guaranteed minimum wages. Specific standards on minimum wages shall be determined by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and reported to the State Council for the record.
用人单位支付劳动者的工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。
Wages paid to labourers by the employing unit shall not be lower than the local standards on minimum wages.
第四十九条 确定和调整最低工资标准应当综合参考下列因素：
Article 49 The determination and readjustment of the standards on minimum wages shall be made with reference to the following factors in a comprehensive manner:
（一）劳动者本人及平均赡养人口的最低生活费用；
the lowest living expenses of labourers themselves and the average family members they support;
（二）社会平均工资水平；
(2) the average wage level of the society as a whole;
（三）劳动生产率；
(3) labour productivity;
（四）就业状况；
the situation of employment;
（五）地区之间经济发展水平的差异。
and the different levels of economic development between regions.
第五十条 工资应当以货币形式按月支付给劳动者本人。不得克扣或者无故拖欠劳动者的工资。
Article 50 Wages shall be paid monthly to labourers themselves in form of currency. The wages paid to labourers shall not be deducted or delayed without justification.
第五十一条 劳动者在法定休假日和婚丧假期间以及依法参加社会活动期间，用人单位应当依法支付工资。
Article 51 The employing unit shall pay wages according to law to labourers who observe statutory holidays, take leaves during the periods of marriage or funeral, or participate in social activities in accordance with the law.
第六章 劳动安全卫生
Chapter VI Occupational Safety and Health
第五十二条 用人单位必须建立、健全劳动安全卫生制度，严格执行国家劳动安全卫生规程和标准，对劳动者进行劳动安全卫生教育，防止劳动过程中的事故，减少职业危害。
Article 52 The employing unit must establish and perfect the system for occupational safety and health, strictly implement the rules and standards of the State on occupational safety and health, educate labourers on occupational safety and health, prevent accidents in the process of work, and reduce occupational hazards.
第五十三条 劳动安全卫生设施必须符合国家规定的标准。
Article 53 Facilities of occupational safety and health must meet the standards stipulated by the State.
新建、改建、扩建工程的劳动安全卫生设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。
Facilities of occupational safety and health installed in new projects and projects to be rebuilt or expanded must be designed, constructed and put into operation and use at the same time as the main projects.
第五十四条 用人单位必须为劳动者提供符合国家规定的劳动安全卫生条件和必要的劳动防护用品，对从事有职业危害作业的劳动者应当定期进行健康检查。
Article 54 The employing unit must provide labourers with occupational safety and health conditions conforming to the provisions of the State and necessary Articles of labour protection, and providing regular health examination for labourers engaged in work with occupational hazards.
第五十五条 从事特种作业的劳动者必须经过专门培训并取得特种作业资格。
Article 55 Labourers to be engaged in specialized operations must receive specialized training and acquire qualifications for such special operations.
第五十六条 劳动者在劳动过程中必须严格遵守安全操作规程。
Article 56 Labourers must strictly abide by rules of safe operation in the process of their work.
劳动者对用人单位管理人员违章指挥、强令冒险作业，有权拒绝执行；对危害生命安全和身体健康的行为，有权提出批评、检举和控告。
Labourers shall have the right to refuse to operate if the management personnel of the employing unit command the operation in violation of rules and regulations or force laburers to run risks in operation; labourers shall have the right to criticize, report or file charges against the acts endangering the safety of their life and health.
第五十七条 国家建立伤亡事故和职业病统计报告和处理制度。县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门、有关部门和用人单位应当依法对劳动者在劳动过程中发生的伤亡事故和劳动者的职业病状况，进行统计、报告和处理。
Article 57 The State shall establish a system for the statistics, reports and dispositions of accidents of injuries and deaths, and cases of occupational diseases. The labour administrative departments and other relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the employing unit shall, according to law, compile statistics, report and dispose of accidents of injuries and deaths that occurred in the process of their work and cases of occupational diseases.
第七章 女职工和未成年工特殊保护
Chapter VII Special Protection For Female and Juvenile Workers
第五十八条 国家对女职工和未成年工实行特殊劳动保护。
Article 58 The State shall provide female workers and juvenile workers with special protection. “Juvenile workers” hereby refer to labourers at the age of 16 but not 18 yet.
未成年工是指年满十六周岁未满十八周岁的劳动者。
第五十九条 禁止安排女职工从事矿山井下、国家规定的第四级体力劳动强度的劳动和其他禁忌从事的劳动。
Article 59 It is prohibited to arrange female workers to engage in work down the pit of mines, or work with Grade IV physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State, or other work that female workers should avoid.
第六十条 不得安排女职工在经期从事高处、低温、冷水作业和国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动。
Article 60 Female workers during their menstrual periods shall not be arranged to engaged in work high above the ground, under low temperature, or in cold water or work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State.
第六十一条 不得安排女职工在怀孕期间从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和孕期禁忌从事的劳动。对怀孕七个月以上的女职工，不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。
Article 61 Female workers during their pregnancy shall not be arranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State or other work that they should avoid in pregnancy. Female workers pregnant for seven months or more shall not be arranged to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.
第六十二条 女职工生育享受不少于九十天的产假。
Article 62 After childbirth, female workers shall be entitled to no less than ninety days of maternity leaves with pay.
第六十三条 不得安排女职工在哺乳未满一周岁的婴儿期间从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和哺乳期禁忌从事的其他劳动，不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。
Article 63 Female workers during the period of breast-feeding their babies less than one year old shall not be arranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State or other labour that they should avoid during their breast-feeding period, or to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.
第六十四条 不得安排未成年工从事矿山井下、有毒有害、国家规定的第四级体力劳动强度的劳动和其他禁忌从事的劳动。
Article 64 No juvenile workers shall be arranged to engage in work down the pit of mines, work that is poisonous or harmful, work with Grade IV physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State, or other work that they should avoid.
第六十五条 用人单位应当对未成年工定期进行健康检查。
Article 65 The employing unit shall provide regular physical examinations to juvenile workers.
第八章 职业培训
Chapter VIII Vocational Training
第六十六条 国家通过各种途径，采取各种措施，发展职业培训事业，开发劳动者的职业技能，提高劳动者素质，增强劳动者的就业能力和工作能力。
Article 66 The State shall take various measures through various channels to expand vocational training undertakings so as to develop professional skills of labourers, improve their qualities, and raise their employment capability and work ability.
第六十七条 各级人民政府应当把发展职业培训纳入社会经济发展的规划，鼓励和支持有条件的企业、事业组织、社会团体和个人进行各种形式的职业培训。
Article 67 People’s governments at various levels shall incorporate the development of vocational training in the plans of social and economic development, encourage and support all enterprises, institutional organizations. Societies and individuals, where conditions permit, to sponsor all kinds of vocational training.
第六十八条 用人单位应当建立职业培训制度，按照国家规定提取和使用职业培训经费，根据本单位实际，有计划地对劳动者进行职业培训。从事技术工种的劳动者，上岗前必须经过培训。
Article 68 The employing unit shall establish a system for vocational training, raise and use funds for vocational training in accordance with the provisions of the State, and provide labourers with vocational training in a planned way and in the light of the actual situation of the unit. Labourers to be engaged in technical work must receive pre-job training before taking up their posts.
第六十九条 国家确定职业分类，对规定的职业制定职业技能标准，实行职业资格证书制度，由经过政府批准的考核鉴定机构负责对劳动者实施职业技能考核鉴定。
Article 69 The State shall determine occupational classification, set up professional skill standards for the occupations classified, and practise a system of vocational qualification certificates. Examination and verification organizations authorized by the government are in charge of the examination and verification of the professional skills of labourers.
第九章 社会保险和福利
Chapter IX Social Insurance and Welfare
第七十条 国家发展社会保险事业，建立社会保险制度，设立社会保险基金，使劳动者在年老、患病、工伤、失业、生育等情况下获得帮助和补偿。
Article 70 The State shall develop social insurance undertakings, establish a social insurance system, and set up social insurance funds so that labourers may receive assistance and compensations under such circumstances as old age, illness, work-related injury, unemployment and child-bearing.
第七十一条 社会保险水平应当与社会经济发展水平和社会承受能力相适应。
Article 71 The level of social insurance shall be in proportion to the level of social and economic development and the social affordability.
第七十二条 社会保险基金按照保险类型确定资金来源，逐步实行社会统筹。用人单位和劳动者必须依法参加社会保险，缴纳社会保险费。
Article 72 The sources of social insurance funds shall be determined according to the categories of insurance, and an overall pooling of insurance funds from the society shall be introduced step by step. The employing unit and labourers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law.
第七十三条 劳动者在下列情形下，依法享受社会保险待遇：（一）退休；（二）患病、负伤；（三）因工伤残或者患职业病；（四）失业；（五）生育。
Article 73 Labourers shall, in accordance with the law, enjoy social insurance benefits under the following circumstances: retirement; illness or injury; disability caused by work-related injury or occupational disease; unemployment; and (5) child-bearing.
劳动者死亡后，其遗属依法享受遗属津贴。
The survivors of the insured labourers shall be entitled to subsidies for survivors in accordance with the law.
劳动者享受社会保险待遇的条件和标准由法律、法规规定。
The conditions and standards for labourers to enjoy social insurance benefits shall be stipulated by laws, rules and regulations.
劳动者享受的社会保险金必须按时足额支付。
The social insurance amount that labourers are entitled to, must be timely paid in full.
第七十四条 社会保险基金经办机构依照法律规定收支、管理和运营社会保险基金，并负有使社会保险基金保值增值的责任。
Article 74 The agencies in charge of social insurance funds shall collect, expend, manage and operate the funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws, and assume the responsibility to maintain and raise the value of these funds.
社会保险基金监督机构依照法律规定，对社会保险基金的收支、管理和运营实施监督。
The supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall exercise supervision over the revenue and expenditure, management and operation of social insurance funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws.
社会保险基金经办机构和社会保险基金监督机构的设立和职能由法律规定。
The establishment and function of the agencies in charge of social insurance funds and the supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall be stipulated by laws.
任何组织和个人不得挪用社会保险基金。
No organization or individual shall be allowed to misappropriate social insurance funds.
第七十五条 国家鼓励用人单位根据本单位实际情况为劳动者建立补充保险。国家提倡劳动者个人进行储蓄性保险。
Article 75 The State shall encourage the employing unit to set up supplementary insurance for labourers according to its practical situations. The State shall advocate that labourers practise individual insurance in form of saving account.
第七十六条 国家发展社会福利事业，兴建公共福利设施，为劳动者休息、休养和疗养提供条件。 用人单位应当创造条件，改善集体福利，提高劳动者的福利待遇。
Article 76 The State shall develop social welfare undertakings, construct public welfare facilities, and provide labourers with conditions for taking rest, recuperation and rehabilitation. The employing unit shall create conditions so as to improve collective welfare and raise welfare treatment of labourers.
第十章 劳动争议
Chapter X Labour Disputes
第七十七条 用人单位与劳动者发生劳动争议，当事人可以依法申请调解、仲裁、提起诉讼，也可以协商解决。 调解原则适用于仲裁和诉讼程序。
Article 77 Where a labour dispute between the employing unit and labourers takes place, the parties concerned may apply for mediation or arbitration or take legal proceedings according to law, or may seek for a settlement through consultation. The principle of mediation shall apply to the procedures of arbitration and lawsuit.
第七十八条 解决劳动争议，应当根据合法、公正、及时处理的原则，依法维护劳动争议当事人的合法权益。
Article 78 The settlement of a labour dispute shall follow the principle of legality, fairness and promptness so as to safeguard in accordance with the law the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved.
第七十九条 劳动争议发生后，当事人可以向本单位劳动争议调解委员会申请调解；调解不成，当事人一方要求仲裁的，可以向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁。
Article 79 Where a labour dispute takes place, the parties involved may apply to the labour dispute mediation committee of their unit for mediation; if the mediation fails and one of the parties requests for arbitration, that party may apply to the labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. Either party may also directly apply to the labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration.
当事人一方也可以直接向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁。对仲裁裁决不服的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
If one of the parties is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration, the party may bring the case to a people’s court.
第八十条 在用人单位内，可以设立劳动争议调解委员会。劳动争议调解委员会由职工代表、用人单位代表和工会代表组成。劳动争议调解委员会主任由工会代表担任。劳动争议经调解达成协议的，当事人应当履行。
Article 80 A labour dispute mediation committee may be established inside the employing unit. The committee shall be composed of representatives of the staff and workers, representatives of the employing unit, and representatives of the trade union. The chairman of the committee shall be held a representative of the trade union. Agreements reached on labour disputes through mediation shall be implemented by the parties involved.
第八十一条 劳动争议仲裁委员会由劳动行政部门代表、同级工会代表、用人单位方面的代表组成。劳动争议仲裁委员会主任由劳动行政部门代表担任。
Article 81 A labour dispute arbitration committee shall be composed of representatives of the labour administrative department, representatives from the trade union at the corresponding level, and representatives of the employing unit. The chairman of the committee shall be held by a representative of the labour administrative department.
第八十二条 提出仲裁要求的一方应当自劳动争议发生之日起六十日内向劳动争议仲裁委员会提出书面申请。仲裁裁决一般应在收到仲裁申请的六十日内作出。对仲裁裁决无异议的，当事人必须履行。
Article 82 The party that requests for arbitration shall file a written application to a labour dispute arbitration committee within 60 days starting from the date of the occurrence of a labour dispute. The arbitration committee may generally make an adjudication within 60 days from the date of receiving the application. The parties involved must implement the adjudication if no objections are raised.
第八十三条 劳动争议当事人对仲裁裁决不服的，可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。一方当事人在法定期限内不起诉又不履行仲裁裁决的，另一方当事人可以申请人民法院强制执行。
Article 83 Where a party involved in a labour dispute is not satisfied with the adjudication, the party may bring a lawsuit to a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the ruling of arbitration. Where one of the parties involved neither brings a lawsuit nor implements the adjudication of arbitration within the statutory time limit, the other party may apply to a people’s court for compulsory implementation.
第八十四条 因签订集体合同发生争议，当事人协商解决不成的，当地人民政府劳动行政部门可以组织有关各方协调处理。
Article 84 Where a dispute arises from the conclusion of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned, the labour administrative department of the local people’s government may organize the relevant departments to handle the case in coordination.
因履行集体合同发生争议，当事人协商解决不成的，可以向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁；对仲裁裁决不服的，可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。
Where a dispute arises from the implementation of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned, the dispute may be submitted to the labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. Any party that is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration may bring a lawsuit to a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the adjudication.
第十一章 监督检查
Chapter XI Supervision and Inspection
第八十五条 县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门依法对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督检查，对违反劳动法律、法规的行为有权制止，并责令改正。
Article 85 The labour administrative departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the law, supervise and inspect the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing unit, and have the power to stop any acts that run counter to laws, rules and regulations on labour and order the rectification thereof.
第八十六条 县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门监督检查人员执行公务，有权进入用人单位了解执行劳动法律、法规的情况，查阅必要的资料，并对劳动场所进行检查。
Article 86 The inspectors from the labour administrative departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall, while performing their public duties, have the right to enter the employing units to make investigations about the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour examine necessary data and inspect labour sites.
县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门监督检查人员执行公务，必须出示证件，秉公执法并遵守有关规定。
The inspectors from the labour administrative departments of people’s governments at or above the county level must show their certifications while performing public duties, impartially enforce laws, and abide by relevant stipulations.
第八十七条 县级以上各级人民政府有关部门在各自职责范围内，对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督。
Article 87 Relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall, within the scope of their respective duties and responsibilities, supervise the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing units.
第八十八条 各级工会依法维护劳动者的合法权益，对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督。任何组织和个人对于违反劳动法律、法规的行为有权检举和控告。
Article 88 Trade unions at various levels shall, in accordance with the law, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, and supefvise the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing units. Any organizations or individuals shall have the right to expose and accuse any acts in violation of laws, rules and regulations on labour.
第十二章 法律责任
Chapter XII Legal Responsibility
第八十九条 用人单位制定的劳动规章制度违反法律、法规规定的，由劳动行政部门给予警告，责令改正；对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 89 Where the rules and regulations on labour formulated by the employing unit run counter to the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, the labour administrative department shall give a warning to the unit, order it to make corrections; where any harms have been caused to labourers, the unit shall be liable for compensations.
第九十条 用人单位违反本法规定，延长劳动者工作时间的，由劳动行政部门给予警告，责令改正，并可以处以罚款。
Article 90 Where the employing unit extends working hours of labourers in violation of the stipulations of this Law, the labour administrative department shall give it a warning, order it to make corrections, and may impose a fine.
第九十一条 用人单位有下列侵害劳动者合法权益情形之一的，由劳动行政部门责令支付劳动者的工资报酬、经济补偿，并可以责令支付赔偿金：
Article 91 Where an employing unit infringes in any of the following ways the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, the labour administrative department shall order it to pay labourers remuneration or to make up for economic losses, and may also order it to pay compensations:
（一）克扣或者无故拖欠劳动者工资的；
to deduct wages or delay in paying wages to labourers without reason;
（二）拒不支付劳动者延长工作时间工资报酬的；
to refuse to pay labourers remuneration for the extended working hours;
（三）低于当地最低工资标准支付劳动者工资的；
to pay labourers wages below the local standard on minimum wages; or
（四）解除劳动合同后，未依照本法规定给予劳动者经济补偿的。
to fail to provide labourers with economic compensations in accordance with the provisions of his Law after revocation of labour contracts.
第九十二条 用人单位的劳动安全设施和劳动卫生条件不符合国家规定或者未向劳动者提供必要的劳动防护用品和劳动保护设施的，由劳动行政部门或者有关部门责令改正，可以处以罚款；情节严重的，提请县级以上人民政府决定责令停产整顿；对事故隐患不采取措施，致使发生重大事故，造成劳动者生命和财产损失的，对责任人员比照刑法第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。
Article 92 Where the occupational safety fsacilities and health conditions of an employing unit do not comply with the provisions of the State or the unit fails to provide labourers with necessary labour protection articles and labour protection facilities the labour administrative department or other relevant departments shall order it to make corrections, and may impose a fine. If circumstances are serious, the above-said departments shall apply to a people’s government at or above the county level for a decision to order the unit to stop production for consolidation. If the unit fails to take measures against potential accident which later leads to the occurrence of a serious accident and the losses of labourers’ lives and properties, criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the persons in charge of mutatis mutandis the stipulations of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.
第九十三条 用人单位强令劳动者违章冒险作业，发生重大伤亡事故，造成严重后果的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任。
Article 93 Where an employing unit forces labourers to operate with risks in violation of the rules and regulations, causing thus major accident of injuries and deaths, and serious consequences, criminal responsibilities of the person in charge shall be investigated according to law.
第九十四条 用人单位非法招用未满十六周岁的未成年人的，由劳动行政部门责令改正，处以罚款；情节严重的，由工商行政管理部门吊销营业执照。
Article 94 Where an employing unit illegally recruits juveniles under the age of 16, the labour administrative department shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine. If circumstances are serious, the administrative department for industry and commerce shall revoke its business license.
第九十五条 用人单位违反本法对女职工和未成年工的保护规定，侵害其合法权益的，由劳动行政部门责令改正，处以罚款；对女职工或者未成年工造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 95 Where an employing unit encroaches upon the legitimate rights and interests of female and juvenile workers in violation of the stipulations of this Law on their protection, the labour administrative department shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine. If harms to female and juvenile workers have been caused, the unit shall assume the responsibility for compensations.
第九十六条 用人单位有下列行为之一，由公安机关对责任人员处以十五日以下拘留、罚款或者警告；构成犯罪的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任：
Article 96 Where an employing unit commits one of the following acts, the person in charge shall be taken by a public security organ into custody for 15 days or less, or fined, given a warning; and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the person in charge according to law if the act constitutes a crime;
（一）以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动的；
to force labourers to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or
（二）侮辱、体罚、殴打、非法搜查和拘禁劳动者的。
humiliating, giving corporal punishment, bating illegally searching or detaining labourers.
第九十七条 由于用人单位的原因订立的无效合同，对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 97 The employing unit shall bear the responsibility for compensation if the conclusion of any invalid contracts is attributed to the unit and have caused damages to labourers.
第九十八条 用人单位违反本法规定的条件解除劳动合同或者故意拖延不订立劳动合同的，由劳动行政部门责令改正；对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 98 The employing unit that revokes labour contracts or purposely delays the conclusion of labour contracts in violation of the conditions specified in this Law shall be ordered by the labour administrative department to make corrections and shall bear the responsibility for compensation if damaged have been caused to labourers.
第九十九条 用人单位招用尚未解除劳动合同的劳动者，对原用人单位造成经济损失的，该用人单位应当依法承担连带赔偿责任。
Article 99 The employing unit that recruits labourers whose labour contracts have not yet been revoked shall, according to law, assume joint responsibility for compensation if economic losses have been caused to the original employing unit of the labourers.
第一百条 用人单位无故不缴纳社会保险费的，由劳动行政部门责令其限期缴纳；逾期不缴的，可以加收滞纳金。
Article 100 The employing unit that fails to pay social insurance premium without reason shall be ordered by the labour administrative department to pay within fixed period of time. If the unit still fails to make the payment beyond the time limit, an additional arrears payment may be demanded.
第一百零一条 用人单位无理阻挠劳动行政部门、有关部门及其工作人员行使监督检查权，打击报复举报人员的，由劳动行政部门或者有关部门处以罚款；构成犯罪的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任。
Article 101 Where an employing unit unjustifiably obstructs the labour administrative department and other relevant departments as well as their functionaries from exercising the powers of supervision and inspection or retaliates informers, the labour administration department or other relevant departments shall impose fines upon the unit. If a crime is constituted, the person in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law.
第一百零二条 劳动者违反本法规定的条件解除劳动合同或者违反劳动合同中约定的保密事项，对用人单位造成经济损失的，应当依法承担赔偿责任。
Article 102 Labourers who revoke labour contracts in violation of the conditions specified in this Law or violate terms on secret-keeping matters agreed upon the labour contracts and thus caused economic losses to the employing unit shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the law.
第一百零三条 劳动行政部门或者有关部门的工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予行政处分。
Article 103 The functionaries of the labour administrative department or other relevant departments who abuse their functions and powers, neglect their duties, and engage in malpractices for selfish ends, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted, or shall be given an administrative sanction if the offences do not yet constitute a crime.
第一百零四条 国家工作人员和社会保险基金经办机构的工作人员挪用社会保险基金，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 104 The functionaries of the State or the agencies in charge of social insurance funds who misappropriate the social insurance funds, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted.
第一百零五条 违反本法规定侵害劳动者合法权益，其他法律、行政法规已规定处罚的，依照该法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
Article 105 Where other laws or administrative rules and regulations have already specified punishments for the encroachment of the legitimate rights and interests of labourers that also violate the stipulations of this Law, punishments shall be given in accordance with the stipulations of those laws or administrative rules and regulations.
第十三章 附则
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
第一百零六条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据本法和本地区的实际情况，规定劳动合同制度的实施步骤，报国务院备案。
Article 106 People’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall work out the implementing measures for the labour contract system according to this Law and in light of their local conditions, and report the measures to the State Council for the record.
第一百零七条 本法自１９９５年１月１日起施行。
Article 107 This Law shall become effective as of January 1, 1995 (In case of discrepancy between the English translation and the original Chinese text, the Chinese text shall prevail.---Tr).
|
|
| |
|
|
|
