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中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法
Law of the PRC on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements
第一条 为了促进科技成果转化为现实生产力，规范科技成果转化活动，加速科学技术进步，推动经济建设和社会发展，制定本法。
Article 1 This law is enacted for the purpose of promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, standardizing such transformation, hastening scientific and technological progress and facilitating economic and social development.
第二条 本法所称科技成果转化，是指为提高生产力水平而对科学研究与技术开发所产生的具有实用价值的科技成果所进行的后续试验、开发、应用、推广直至形成新产品、新工艺、新材料，发展新产业等活动。
Article 2 The phrase "transformation of scientific and technological achievements" as used in this Law means the entire process of the follow-up tests, development, application and widespread use of the applicable scientific and technological achievements, made as a result of scientific research and technological development, through to the final creation of new products, new techniques, new materials and new industries -- all for the purpose of enhancing the productive forces.
第三条 科技成果转化活动应当有利于提高经济效益、社会效益和保护环境与资源，有利于促进经济建设、社会发展和国防建设。
Article 3 Transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be instrumental to increasing economic and social results and protecting the environment and natural resources, as well as to promoting economic and social development and strengthening national defense.
科技成果转化活动应当遵循自愿、互利、公平、诚实信用的原则，依法或者依照合同的约定，享受利益，承担风险。科技成果转化中的知识产权受法律保护。
In transforming scientific and technological achievements, the persons concerned shall abide by the principles of voluntariness, mutual benefit, fairness and good faith and shall, in accordance with law or contractual agreement, enjoy interests and bear risks. Intellectual property involved in transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be protected by law.
科技成果转化活动应当遵守法律，维护国家利益，不得损害社会公共利益。
In transformation of scientific and technological achievements, laws shall be observed and State interests safeguarded, and no public interests shall be damaged.
第四条 国务院科学技术行政部门、计划部门、经济综合管理部门和其他有关行政部门依照国务院规定的职责范围，管理、指导和协调科技成果转化工作。
Article 4 The administrative department for science and technology, the planning department, the administrative department for comprehensive economic and trade affairs and other relevant administrative departments under the State Council shall, within their functions and responsibilities as prescribed by the State Council, administer, guide and coordinate efforts for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
地方各级人民政府负责管理、指导和协调本行政区域内的科技成果转化工作。
The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for administering, guiding and coordinating efforts for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements within their respective administrative regions.
第二章 组织实施
CHAPTER II ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
第五条 国务院和地方各级人民政府应当将科技成果的转化纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，并组织协调实施有关科技成果的转化。
Article 5 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall incorporate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in their notional economic and social development plans and make arrangements and coordinate efforts for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
第六条 国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府定期发布科技成果目录和重点科技成果转化项目指南，优先安排和支持下列项目的实施：
Article 6 The relevant departments under the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, at regular intervals, publish catalogues of scientific and technological achievements and handbooks of major projects for transformation of scientific and technological achievements and shall give first priority and assistance to the following:
（一）明显提高产业技术水平和经济效益的；
(1) projects that will noticeably help raise the industrial and technical level and increase economic results;
（二）形成产业规模，具有国际经济竞争能力的；
(2) projects of an industrial scale that can compete among the economies of the world;
（三）合理开发和利用资源、节约能源、降低消耗以及防治环境污染的；
(3) projects that can help rationally develop and utilize the natural resources, conserve energy, reduce material consumption and prevent and control environmental pollution;
（四）促进高产、优质、高效农业和农村经济发展的；
(4) projects that can facilitate high-yield, high-quality and high- efficiency farming and promote economic development in the countryside; and
（五）加速少数民族地区、边远贫困地区社会经济发展的。
(5) projects that can help accelerate the social and economic development in areas inhabited by minority nationalities and outlying and poverty-stricken areas.
第七条 国家通过制定政策措施，提倡和鼓励采用先进技术、工艺和装备，不断改进、限制使用或者淘汰落后技术、工艺和装备。
Article 7 The State, by adopting appropriate policies and measures, promotes and encourages the use of advanced technology, techniques and equipment and continued improvement, restricted use and elimination of backward technology, techniques and equipment.
第八条 各级人民政府组织实施的重点科技成果转化项目，可以由有关部门组织采用公开招标的方式实施转化。有关部门应当对中标单位提供招标时确定的资助或者其他条件。
Article 8 When making arrangements for transformation of major scientific and technological achievements, the people's governments at various levels may have relevant departments to arrange for the transformation through public bidding. These departments shall provide the successful tender with the funds and other conditions that they decided to offer when making the bidding.
第九条 科技成果持有者可以采用下列方式进行科技成果转化。
Article 9 Holders of scientific and technological achievements may have their achievements transformed in the following ways:
（一）自行投资实施转化；
(1) investing in the transformation themselves;
（二）向他人转让该科技成果；
(2) transferring their achievements to another;
（三）许可他人使用该科技成果；
(3) allowing another to use their achievements;
（四）以该科技成果作为合作条件，与他人共同实施转化；
(4) working together with another for the transformation with their achievements as the conditions for cooperation; and
（五）以该科技成果作价投资，折算股份或者出资比例。
(5) investing with their achievements as trade-in, as converted shares or as proportions of contribution to the investment.
第十条 企业为采用新技术、新工艺、新材料和生产新产品，可以自行发布信息或者委托技术交易中介机构征集其所需的科技成果，或者征寻科技成果转化的合作者。
Article 10 An enterprise may, for the purpose of adopting new technology, new techniques and new materials and manufacturing new products, publish information on its own or entrust an intermediate institution engaged in trade of technology to solicit the scientific and technological achievements that it needs or to find collaborators for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
第十一条 企业依法有权独立或者与境内外企业、事业单位和其他合作者联合实施科技成果转化。
Article 11 An enterprise shall, according to law, have the right to conduct transformation of scientific and technological achievements independently or jointly with domestic or foreign enterprises or institutions or other collaborators.
企业可以通过公平竞争，独立或者与其他单位联合承担政府组织实施的科技研究开发和科技成果转化项目。
An enterprise may, through fair competition, undertake the projects, arranged by the government, for scientific and technological research and development or for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements independently or jointly with another.
第十二条 国家鼓励研究开发机构、高等院校等事业单位与生产企业相结合，联合实施科技成果转化。
Article 12 The State encourages research and development institutions, colleges and universities and other institutions to join efforts with manufacturers for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
研究开发机构、高等院校等事业单位，可以参与政府有关部门或者企业实施科技成果转化的招标投标活动。
Research and development institutions, colleges and universities and other institutions may participate in the bidding or tendering conducted by relevant departments of the government or enterprises for transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
第十三条 国家鼓励农业科研机构、农业试验示范单位独立或者与其他单位合作实施农业科技成果转化。
Article 13 The State encourages agricultural research institutions and agricultural experiment and demonstration stations to transform scientific and technological achievements independently or in cooperation with another.
农业科研机构为推进其科技成果转化，可以依法经营其独立研究开发或者与其他单位合作研究开发并经过审定的优良品种。
Agricultural research institutions may, for the purpose of advancing the transformation of their scientific and technological achievements and in accordance with law, deal in the fine strains which they breed through their own research or in cooperation with another and which are approved after examination.
第十四条 国家设立的研究开发机构、高等院校所取得的具有实用价值的职务科技成果，本单位未能适时地实施转化的，科技成果完成人和参加人在不变更职务科技成果权属的前提下，可以根据与本单位的协议进行该项科技成果的转化，并享有协议规定的权益。该单位对上述科技成果转化活动应当予以支持。
Article 14 With regard to scientific and technological achievements worth applying that are made by persons while holding positions in the research and development institutions set up by the State or in colleges and universities, if the units concerned fail to make timely transformation of the achievements, the persons who made the achievements and the participants may, on condition that ownership of the achievements remains unchanged and in accordance with the agreement they reached with the units they belong to, transform the achievements, and they shall enjoy the rights and interests as stipulated in the agreement. And the units concerned should assist in the transformation of the scientific and technological achievements mentioned above.
科技成果完成人或者课题负责人，不得阻碍职务科技成果的转化，不得将职务科技成果及其技术资料和数据占为己有，侵犯单位的合法权益。
Persons who made the scientific and technological achievements or leading members of a research project may not obstruct transformation of the scientific and technological achievements they made while holding positions in the units or take into their own possession such achievements or thus encroach upon the lawful rights and interests of the units they belong to.
第十五条 科技成果完成单位、科技成果转化实施单位和科技成果转化投资单位，就科技成果的后续试验、开发、应用和生产经营进行合作，应当签订合同，约定各方享有的权利和承担的风险。
Article 15 Units that made scientific and technological achievements, units that conduct transformation of the achievements and units that invest in such transformation shall sign a contract if they intend to cooperate in the follow-up tests, development and application of the achievements as well as their putting into production and operation, in which to stipulate the rights to be enjoyed and the risks to be borne by each party.
第十六条 科技成果转化活动中对科技成果进行检测和价值评估，必须遵循公正、客观的原则，不得提供虚假的检测结果或者评估证明。
Article 16 In testing and evaluating scientific and technological achievements in the course of their transformation, the principles of impartiality and objectiveness shall be adhered to; it is not allowed to provide false testing results or evaluation certificates.
国家设立的研究开发机构、高等院校和国有企业与中国境外的企业、其他组织或者个人合作进行科技成果转化活动，必须按照国家有关规定对科技成果的价值进行评估。
When research and development institutions that are set up by the State, colleges and universities or State-owned enterprises work together with enterprises, other organizations or individuals from outside China in transforming scientific and technological achievements, they must evaluate the achievements in accordance with relevant regulations of the State.
科技成果转化中的对外合作，涉及国家秘密事项的，依法按照规定的程序事先经过批准。
Where State secrets are involved in transforming scientific and technological achievements with the cooperation of other countries, prior approval must be obtained through the procedures stipulated by law.
第十七条 依法设立的从事技术交易的场所或者机构，可以进行下列推动科技成果转化的活动：
Article 17 In places or agencies set up according to law for the exchange of technology, the following activities to promote transformation of scientific and technological achievements may be conducted:
（一）介绍和推荐先进、成熟、实用的科技成果；
(1) introducing or recommending scientific and technological achievements that are advanced, matured and applicable;
（二）提供科技成果转化需要的经济信息、技术信息、环境信息和其他有关信息；
(2) providing economic, technological, environmental and other information needed for transformation of scientific and technological achievements;
（三）进行技术贸易活动；
(3) trading in technologies; and
（四）为科技成果转化提供其他咨询服务。
(4) providing other advisory services for transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
第十八条 在技术交易中从事代理或者居间等有偿服务的中介机构，须按照国家有关规定领取营业执照；在该机构中从事经纪业务的人员，须按照国家有关规定取得资格证书。
Article 18 Intermediate institutions acting as agent or intermediaries or providing other paid services in the exchange of technologies must obtain business licenses as required by relevant State regulations. Brokers of these institutions must have qualification certificates as required by relevant State regulations.
第十九条 国家鼓励企业、事业单位和农村科技经济合作组织进行中间试验、工业性试验、农业试验示范以及其他技术创新和技术服务活动。
Article 19 The State encourages enterprises and institutions and economic cooperative organizations engaged in scientific and technological activities in the countryside to conduct intermediate and industrial experiments, agricultural experiments and demonstrations and other technological innovations and to provide technical services.
从事科技成果转化的中间试验基地、工业性试验基地、农业试验示范基地以及其他技术创新和技术服务机构可以进行下列活动：
The following activities may be engaged in the bases for conducting intermediate and industrial experiments, agricultural experiments and demonstrations for the purpose of transforming scientific and technological achievements and in other institutions that are engaged in technical innovations or provide technical services:
（一）对新产品、新工艺进行中间试验和工业性试验；
(1) conducting intermediate and industrial experiments with regard to new products and new techniques;
（二）面向社会进行地区或者行业科技成果系统化、工程化的配套开发和技术创新；
(2) engaging in ancillary development and technical innovation for the systematization and engineering of scientific and technological achievements in different areas or trades to serve the community;
（三）为中小企业、乡镇企业、农村科技经济合作组织提供技术和技术服务；
(3) providing technology or technical services to small and mediumsized enterprises, township enterprises, and economic cooperative organizations engaged in scientific and technological activities in the countryside; and
（四）为转化高技术成果、创办相关企业提供综合配套服务。
(4) providing all-round services in support of transforming high- technology achievements and establishing enterprises for the transformation.
前款所列基地和机构的基本建设经国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，纳入国家或者地方有关规划。
Capital construction of the bases and institutions mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall have to be approved by the relevant department under the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and shall be included in the relevant plans of the State or the local authorities.
第二十条 科技成果转化的试验产品，按照国家有关试销产品的规定，经有关部门批准，可以在核定的试销期内试销。试产、试销上述产品应当符合国家有关技术、质量、安全、卫生等标准。
Article 20 Trial products from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements may be provided for test marketing within the verified period for trial sale, in accordance with State regulations governing products for trial sale and after approval by the relevant department. Trial manufacturing and test marketing of the products mentioned above shall meet the technical, quality, safety, health and other standards prescribed by the State.
第二十一条 国家财政用于科学技术、固定资产投资和技术改造的经费，应当有一定比例用于科技成果转化。
Article 21 Of the funds the government allocates to scientific and technological undertakings, to investment in fixed assets and to technological updating, a certain proportion shall be used for transforming scientific and technological achievements.
科技成果转化的国家财政经费，主要用于科技成果转化的引导资金、贷款贴息、补助资金和风险投资以及其他促进科技成果转化的资金用途。
This proportion of government funds shall be chiefly used as initiation funds, discount loans, subsidy funds, risk investment and other funds for promoting transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
第二十二条 国家对科技成果转化活动实行税收优惠政策。具体办法由国务院规定。
Article 22 The State adopts a preferential tax policy regarding transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
第二十三条 国家金融机构应当在信贷方面支持科技成果转化，逐步增加用于科技成果转化的贷款。
Article 23 State banking institutions shall support transformation of scientific and technological achievements in matters of loans and gradually increase the amount of loans extended for such transformation.
第二十四条 国家鼓励设立科技成果转化基金或者风险基金，其资金来源由国家、地方、企业、事业单位以及其他组织或者个人提供，用于支持高投入、高风险、高产出的科技成果的转化，加速重大科技成果的产业化。
Article 24 The State encourages establishment of funds or risk funds for transformation of scientific and technological achievements, such funds shall be raised by the State, local authorities, enterprises, institutions and other organizations and individuals and shall be used to aid transformation of such scientific and technological achievements as need substantial investment, involve considerable risks and promise high yields and to accelerate the application of major scientific and technological achievements in industrial production.
科技成果转化基金和风险基金的设立及其资金使用，依照国家有关规定执行。
Funds and risk funds for transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be established and used in accordance with relevant regulations of the State.
第二十五条 国家推进科学技术信息网络的建设和发展，建立科技成果信息资料库，面向全国，提供科技成果信息服务。
Article 25 The State promotes the establishment and expansion of scientific and technological information networks and the establishment of a data bank of scientific and technological achievements, both of which shall provide information services regarding such achievements throughout the country.
第四章 技术权益
CHAPTER IV TECHNOLOGICAL RIGHTS AND INTERESTS
第二十六条 科技成果完成单位与其他单位合作进行科技成果转化的，应当依法由合同约定该科技成果有关权益的归属。合同未作约定的，按照下列原则办理：
Article 26 When a unit that made scientific and technological achievements and another unit join efforts to transform the achievements, the ownership of rights and interests related to the achievements shall be stipulated in a contract in accordance with law. What is not stipulated in the contract shall be handled according to the following principles:
（一）在合作转化中无新的发明创造的，该科技成果的权益，归该科技成果完成单位；
(1) Where no invention or creation ensures from transformation of a scientific or technological achievement, the rights and interests related to the scientific or technological achievement shall belong to the unit that made the achievement;
（二）在合作转化中产生新的发明创造的，该新发明创造的权益归合作各方共有；
(2) Where inventions or creations ensue from collaborated transformation of a scientific or technological achievement, the rights and interests related to the inventions or creations shall belong to both parties in collaboration; and
（三）对合作转化中产生的科技成果，各方都有实施该项科技成果的权利，转让该科技成果应经合作各方同意。
(3) As to the scientific and technological achievements made through collaborated transformation, both parties shall have the right to put into practice the achievements thus made; consent shall have to be obtained from both parties in collaboration for transfer of the said achievements.
第二十七条 科技成果完成单位与其他单位合作进行科技成果转化的，合作各方应当就保守技术秘密达成协议；当事人不得违反协议或者违反权利人有关保守技术秘密的要求，披露、允许他人使用该技术。
Article 27 When a unit, that made scientific and technological achievements, and another unit collaborate to transform the achievements, both parties shall reach an agreement on protection of the technical know-how; the parties may not, running counter to the agreement or the request of the obligee for keeping the technical know-how, disclose or let another use the technical know-how.
技术交易场所或者中介机构对其在从事代理或者居间服务中知悉的有关当事人的技术秘密，负有保密义务。
Agencies of technological exchange and intermediate institutions shall be obligated to keep secret the technical know-how of the parties concerned, which they come to know while serving as an agent or an intermediary.
第二十八条 企业、事业单位应当建立健全技术秘密保护制度，保护本单位的技术秘密。职工应当遵守本单位的技术秘密保护制度。
Article 28 Enterprises and institutions shall establish a system for protection of the technical know-how and keep improving it, in order to guard the technical know-how of their own. Employees shall adhere to the system of their own units for protection of the technical know-how.
企业、事业单位可以与参加科技成果转化的有关人员签订在职期间或者离职、离休、退休后一定期限内保守本单位技术秘密的协议；有关人员不得违反协议约定，泄露本单位的技术秘密和从事与原单位相同的科技成果转化活动。
Enterprises and institutions may sign an agreement on protection of their technical know-how with the employees who participate in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements during the period when they remain in employment or within a specified period of time after they leave office or retire; the said employees may not, in violation of what is agreed on, disclose the technical know-how of their own units or engage in transforming the same scientific or technological achievement as that of their own units.
职工不得将职务科技成果擅自转让或者变相转让。
No employees may transfer, without authorization, the scientific or technological achievements they made while holding positions in their units or do so in disguised form.
第二十九条 科技成果完成单位将其职务科技成果转让给他人的，单位应当从转让该项职务科技成果所取得的净收入中，提取不低于２０％的比例，对完成该项科技成果及其转化做出重要贡献的人员给予奖励。
Article 29 When transferring a scientific or technological achievement made by employees while holding positions in a unit, the unit shall take not less than 20 percent of the net income, obtained from transfer of the achievement, to award persons who made important contributions to the scientific or technological achievement or to its transformation.
第三十条 企业、事业单位独立研究开发或者与其他单位合作研究开发的科技成果实施转化成功投产后，单位应当连续三至五年从实施该科技成果新增留利中提取不低于５％的比例，对完成该项科技成果及其转化做出重要贡献的人员给予奖励。
Article 30 If a scientific or technological achievement, that is made through the independent research and development of an enterprise or institution or through research and development of the enterprise or institution with the collaboration of another unit, is transformed successfully and is adopted in production, the unit or units shall take, for three to five years running, not less than five percent of the added profits from adoption of the achievement, that they are entitled to retain, to award persons who made important contributions to the scientific or technological achievement or to its transformation.
采用股份形式的企业，可以对在科技成果的研究开发、实施转化中做出重要贡献的有关人员的报酬或者奖励，按照国家有关规定将其折算为股份或者出资比例。该持股人依据其所持股份或者出资比例分享收益。
In respect of the remunerations or rewards given to persons who made important contributions to research and development of scientific and technological achievements or their transformation, joint stock enterprises may convert them into shares or proportions of contribution to investment in accordance with relevant regulations of the State. The persons, as shareholders, shall draw proceeds on the strength of the shares they hold or their proportions of contribution to investment.
第三十一条 违反本法规定，在科技成果转化活动中弄虚作假，采取欺骗手段，骗取奖励和荣誉称号、诈骗钱财、非法牟利的，责令改正，取消该奖励和荣誉称号，没收违法所得，并处以罚款。
Article 31 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, resorts to deception in transformation of scientific or technological achievements and thus gets an award or honorary title, fraudulent money or illegal profits, shall be ordered to put it right, the award and honorary title shall be annulled, the illegal gains confiscated, and a fine also imposed on him.
给他人造成经济损失的，依法承担民事赔偿责任。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
If he causes economic losses to another, he shall bear civil liability for compensation in accordance with law. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
第三十二条 违反本法规定，对科技成果进行检测或者价值评估，故意提供虚假检测结果或者评估证明的，责令改正，予以警告，没收违法所得，并对该检测组织者、评估机构处以罚款；情节严重的，依法吊销营业执照和资格证书。给他人造成经济损失的，依法承担民事赔偿责任。
Article 32 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, deliberately provides a false testing result or evaluation certificate after testing or evaluating a scientific or technological achievement shall be ordered to put it right and given a disciplinary warning, his illegal gains shall be confiscated, and the institution that arranged for the testing and the evaluation institution shall each be imposed with a fine. If the cases is serious, the business license and qualification certificate shall be revoked. If economic losses are caused to another, civil liability for compensation shall be borne in accordance with law.
第三十三条 各级人民政府科学技术行政部门和其他有关部门工作人员在科技成果转化中玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 33 Employees of administrative departments for science and technology and other relevant departments of the people's governments at various levels who neglect their duties or practise irregularities for personal gain shall be given administrative sanctions; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.
第三十四条 违反本法规定，以唆使窃取、利诱胁迫等手段侵占他人的科技成果，侵犯他人合法权益的，依法承担民事赔偿责任，可以处以罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 34 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, usurps another's scientific or technological achievement by means of instigation, luring or coercion and thus encroaches upon the rights and interests of that person shall bear civil liability for compensation in accordance with law and may be imposed with a fine. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.
第三十五条 违反本法规定，职工未经单位允许，泄露本单位的技术秘密，或者擅自转让、变相转让职务科技成果的，参加科技成果转化的有关人员违反与本单位的协议，在离职、离休、退休后约定的期限内从事与原单位相同的科技成果转化活动的，依照有关规定承担法律责任。
Article 35 If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, an employee who, without permission of his unit, discloses the technical know-how of the unit or, without authorization, transfers or does so in disguised form the scientific or technological achievement made while holding a position in the unit, or if a person who took part in the transformation of a scientific or technological achievement, running counter to the agreement reached with his unit, engages in transforming the same scientific or technological achievement as that of his unit during the agreed period of time after leaving office or retiring shall bear legal responsibility in accordance with relevant regulations.
第三十六条 在技术交易中从事代理或者居间服务的中介机构和从事经纪业务的人员，欺骗委托人的，或者与当事人一方串通欺骗另一方当事人的，责令改正，予以警告，除依法承担民事赔偿责任外，没收违法所得，并处以罚款；情节严重的，依法吊销营业执照和资格证书；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 36 If in the exchange of technologies the intermediate institution that serves as an agent or provides intermediary services or the broker deceives the client or colludes with one party to deceive another party, it or he shall be ordered to put it right, given a disciplinary warning and, in addition to bearing civil liability for compensation in accordance with law, the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine imposed. If the case is serious, the business license and qualification certificate shall be revoked in accordance with law. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.
第三十七条 本法自１９９６年１０月１日起施行。
Article 37 This Law shall be put into force as of October 1,1996.
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